Radar

Introduced blob-carrying transactions to Ethereum, dramatically reducing L2 data costs. Creates a new transaction type that carries 'blobs' of data that are pruned after ~18 days, providing cheap temporary data availability for rollups.

Allows Externally Owned Accounts to temporarily set their account code to a smart contract, enabling smart-account features like batched transactions, gas sponsorship, and session keys without migrating to a full smart contract wallet.

Defines a standard for account abstraction without protocol changes. Introduces UserOperations, bundlers, paymasters (gas sponsorship), and an entry point contract that validates and executes smart-wallet transactions.

Raises the maximum effective balance for validators from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH. Allows large stakers to consolidate validators, reducing the validator set size and network overhead while maintaining the same total stake.

Increases the blob gas target from 3 to 6 blobs per block and the maximum from 6 to 9, effectively doubling L2 data throughput and further reducing rollup costs.

Peer Data Availability Sampling enables nodes to verify blob data availability without downloading all blobs. A critical step toward full danksharding, allowing the network to scale blob throughput further.

Creates a general framework for the execution layer to trigger consensus layer operations such as validator deposits, withdrawals, and consolidations directly from smart contracts.

Replaced the first-price auction fee model with a base fee + priority tip system. The base fee is burned, making ETH deflationary during high usage. Significantly improved fee predictability.